Synergy in penicillin, cephalosporin, amphenicols, and aminoglycoside against MDR S. aureus isolated from Camel milk
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e20324Keywords:
MDR, Aureus, Camel Milk, Mono-Drug Trial, Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Indices, Synergy TestingAbstract
This study investigated the synergy testing of penicillin, cephalosporin, amphenicols, and aminoglycoside in the camel milk (n=768 samples), subsequently used for isolation of MDR S. aureus targeting mecA gene. Antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus showed >90% isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim and resistant against oxacillin, ampicillin, and cefoxitin. Further, 50-85% of the S. aureus were sensitive to gentamicin, oxytetracycline, and chloramphenicol and resistant against cefotaxime, vancomycin, and cefixime. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefotaxime, (C) and ampicillin (A) in combination with gentamicin (G) was reduced by 99.34% and 70.46%, respectively, while with chloramphenicol (Ch), reduction was 57.49% and 60%, respectively. In addition, the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) of G+A, Ch+C and Ch+G combinations showed synergy against 80%, 60%, and 30% of MDR S. aureus, respectively. Similarly, C+A and Ch+G displayed indifferent interaction against 70 % and 30% of isolates, respectively, while the later showed additive interaction against 10% of MDR S. aureus. Altogether, our results described effective combination of gentamicin and chloramphenicol with ampicillin and cefotaxime to combat MDR S. aureus.
Downloads
References
Ahmad S, Yaqoob M, Bilal MQ, Muhammad G, Yang L-G, Khan MK, et al. Risk factors associated with prevalence and major bacterial causes of mastitis in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) under different production systems. Trop Ani Health Prod. 2012;44(1):107-112.
Ali M, Avais M, Hussain R, Prince K, Ijaz M, Chaudhry M, et al. pidemiology and in vitro Drug Susceptibility of mecA Positive MDR S. aureus from Camel Subclinical Mastitis. Pak J Zool. 2018;50(2):603.
Aqib AI, Ijaz M, Hussain R, Durrani AZ, Anjum AA, Rizwan A, et al. Identification of coagulase gene in Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from subclinical mastitis in camels. Pak Vet J. 2017a;37(2):160-164.
Aqib AI, Ijaz M, Durrani AZ, Anjum AA, Hussain R, Sana S, et al. Prevalence and antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus, a camel mastitogen from Pakistan. Pak J Zool . 2017b;49(3).
Aqib AI, Kulyar MF-e-A, Ashfaq K, Bhutta ZA, Shoaib M, Ahmed R, et al. Camel milk insuline: Pathophysiological and molecular repository. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2019;88:497-504.
Cai Y, Wang R, Pei F, Liang B-B. Antibacterial activity of allicin alone and in combination with β-lactams against Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antibiot. 2007;60(5):335.
Chessa D, Ganau G, Mazzarello V. An overview of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus with a focus on developing countries. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2015;9(6):547-550.
Drobbin MT, Phelan ST, Antonelli PJ. Dexamethasone does not alter in vitro antibacterial efficacy of gentamicin. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;136(5):769-772.
Hiramatsu K, Katayama Y, Matsuo M, Sasaki T, Morimoto Y, Sekiguchi A, et al. Multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and future chemotherapy. J Infect Chemother. 2014;20(10):593-601.
Galdiero E, Liguori G, D’Isanto M, Damiano N, Sommese L. Distribution of mecA among methicillin-resistant clinical staphylococcal strains isolated at hospitals in Naples, Italy. Eur J Epidemiol. 2003;18(2):139-145.
Gutmann L, Williamson R, Kitzis M, Acar J. Synergism and antagonism in double beta-lactam antibiotic combinations. Am J Med. 1986;80(5C):21-29.
Ibezim EC, Esimone CO, Okorie O, Onyishi IV, Nnamani PO, Brown SA, et al. A study of the in vitro interaction of cotrimoxazole and ampicillin using the checkerboard method. Afr J Biotechnol. 2006;5(13).
Jain R, Chung S, Jain L, Khurana M, Lau S, Khurana M, Lau SWJ, et al. Implications of obesity for drug therapy: limitations and challenges. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011;90(1):77-89.
Johari SA, Kiong LS, Mohtar M, Isa MM, Man S, Mustafa S, et al. Efflux inhibitory activity of flavonoids from Chromolaena odorata against selected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2012;6(27):5631-5635.
Juhász-Kaszanyitzky É, Jánosi S, Somogyi P, Dán Á, vanderGraaf van Bloois L, Van Duijkeren E, et al. MRSA transmission between cows and humans. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13(4):630.
Krieg NR, Holt JG. Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology: Yi Hsien Publishing Co.; 1984.
Kuroda M, Ohta T, Uchiyama I, Baba T, Yuzawa H, Kobayashi I, et al. Whole genome sequencing of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet. 2001;357(9264):1225-1240.
Lapointe J-R, Béliveau C, Chicoine L, Joncas JH. A comparison of ampicillin-cefotaxime and ampicillin- chloramphenicol in childhood bacterial meningitis: an experience in 55 patients. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1984;14(suppl_B):167-180.
Mascaretti OA. Bacteria versus antibacterial agents: an integrated approach: American Society for Microbiology (ASM); 2003. Washington, U.S.A.
Mohtar M, Johari SA, Li AR, Isa MM, Mustafa S, Ali AM, et al. Inhibitory and resistance-modifying potential of plant-based alkaloids against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Curr Microbiol. 2009;59(2):181-186.
Neu HC, Fu KP. Synergistic activity of piperacillin in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980;18(4):582-585.
Palmer SM, Kang SL, Cappelletty DM, Rybak MJ. Bactericidal killing activities of cefepime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone against Staphylococcus aureus and beta-lactamase-producing strains of Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae in an in vitro infection model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 1995;39(8):1764-1771.
Pasticci MB, Mencacci A, Moretti A, Palladino N, Lapalorcia LM, Bistoni, F, et al. In vitro antimicrobial activity of ampicillin-ceftriaxone and ampicillin-ertapenem combinations against clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis with high levels of aminoglycoside resistance. Open Microbiol J. 2008;2(79-84).
Perea E, Torres M, Borobio M. Synergism of fosfomycin-ampicillin and fosfomycin-chloramphenicol against Salmonella and Shigella. Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 1978;13(5):705-709.
Radostits O, Gay C, Hinchcliff K, Constable P. Veterinary Medicine. 10th edn (Saunders, Philadelphia). 2007.
Rigby A. Thermonuclease testing: the rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus in blood culture. Med Lab Sci. 1986;43(2):196-198.
Tascini C, Doria R, Leonildi A, Martinelli C, Menichetti F. Efficacy of the combination ampicillin plus ceftriaxone in the treatment of a case of enterococcal endocarditis due to Enterococcus faecalis highly resistant to gentamicin: efficacy of the “ex vivo” synergism method. J Chemother. 2004;16(4):400-403.
Thrusfield M. Sampling in veterinary epidemiology. London: Black well Science Ltd. 2007;214-256.
Tomasz A, Waks S. Mechanism of action of penicillin: triggering of the pneumococcal autolytic enzyme by inhibitors of cell wall synthesis. Pro Natl Acad Sci. 1975;72(10):4162-4166.
Worthington RJ, Melander C. Combination approaches to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria. Trends in biotechnol. 2013;31(3):177-184.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All content of the journal, except where identified, is licensed under a Creative Commons attribution-type BY.
The on line journal has open and free access.
