Thirty years of the Convention on Climate Change

Abstract

In this paper, we review briefly the commitments made by the signatories of the CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE since 1992, which led to the PARIS AGREEMENT where there are no mandatory goals for reducing greenhouse gases, as those of the 1997 KYOTO PROTOCOL. In addition, an analysis is made of the evolution of the CO₂ emissions showing that substantive reductions were achieved by the European Union and the United States through the adoption of energy efficiency measures, unlike other countries. The average annual investment in these activities for 2011-2019 was $480 billion, but only 16% are concessional funds and the remaining are loans and investments. As for the transfer of funds from industrialized to developing countries, the amount was approximately $83 billion per year less than the target of $100 billion accorded at COP15 in Copenhagen, a small part in concessional terms. At COP27 in Sharm-el-Sheik, Egypt, in 2022, little progress was made to limit global warming to 1.5 ºC by 2050, except the creation a new FUND to help more vulnerable countries face the consequences of global warming.