Discriminação no mercado de trabalho: uma análise dos setores rural e urbano no Brasil

Resumen

The article investigatesthe existence ofdiscrimination in the urban and rural labor markets in Brazil. Using the procedure proposed by Heckman (1970) to estimate participation and earnings equations and the method of decomposition proposed by Blinder (1973) and Oaxaca (1973), we test the hypothesisthat returns to education are different for urban and rural workers in Brazil. The methodology we use allows for the decomposition of the difference in the average wages ofmale and female workers in the urban and rural sectors in a share that can be explained by characteristics such as education, hours ofwork and experience, and in another share that reflects the existence of discrimination. The analysis is carried out with microdata from the National Household Surveys (PNADs) of 1998. The results we obtained suggest the existence ofstrong discrimination by gender and race, besides the presence of substantial wage differentials between urban and rural workers.