Dinâmica espacial e temporal da inovação no estado de São Paulo: uma análise das externalidades de diversificação e especialização
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-41612011000400004Palavras-chave:
sistema regional de inovação, externalidades de diversificação e especialização, modelo dinâmico de dados em painelResumo
O trabalho avalia em que medida o grau de especialização ou diversidade pode afetar o desempenho inovador regional. Além disso, outros fatores determinantes da inovação são considerados, como a capacidade de realização de P&D, o nível de escolaridade e a defasagem temporal da inovação. A base de dados é organizada em função das 63 microrregiões do Estado de São Paulo no período entre 1996 e 2003, e submetida a modelos de dados em painel espacial dinâmico. Os principais resultados revelam que a diversidade e a especialização produtiva são igualmente importantes para explicar o desempenho inovador das microrregiões.
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Referências
Acosta, M., Coronado, D. (2003) Science-technology flows in Spanish regions: an analysis of scientific citations in patents. Research Policy 32, 1783-1803.
Acs, Z. J., Audretsch, D. B. (1989) Patents as a measure of innovative activity. Kyklos-International Review for Social Sciences 42, 171-180.
Albuquerque, E. M., Baessa, A., and Silva, L. (2005) A atividade de patenteamento no Brasil e no Exterior, in FAPESP. (Ed.) Indicadores de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em São Paulo - 2004, 6.1-6.37. FAPESP, São Paulo.
Anselin, L. Local Indicators of Spatial Association – LISA (1995) Geographical Analysis, 27 (2), 93-115.
Anselin, L. (1988) Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Dordrecht: Studies in Operational Regional Science, Kluwer Academic, Boston.
Anselin, L. (2003) Spatial externalities, spatial multipliers and spatial econometrics. International Regional Science Review 26 (3), 153-166.
Anselin, L., Bera, A. K. (1998) Spatial dependence in linear regression models with an introduction to Spatial Econometrics. In: A. Ullah and D. Giles (Eds), Handbook of Applied Economic Statistics, Berlin, 237-289.
Anselin, L., Varga, A., Acs, Z. (1997) Local geographic spillovers between university research and high technology innovations. Journal of Urban Economics 42 (3), 422-448.
Arellano, M., Bond, S. (1991) Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, 58 (2), 277-297.
Arrow, K. (1962) The economic implications of learning by doing. Review of Economic Studies 29, 155-173.
Arthur, B. (1989) Competing technologies, increasing returns and lock in by historical events. The Economic Journal 99 (394), 116-131.
Audretsch, D. B., Feldman, M. P. (1996) R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production. American Economic Review 86 (3), 630- 640.
Badinger, H., Muller, W. G. e Tondl, G. (2004) Regional convergence in the European Union (1985-1999): a spatial dynamic panel analysis. Regional Studies, 58, p. 241-253.
Baltagi, B. H. (2008) Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, Reino Unido.
Baumont, C. (2004) Spatial effects in housing price models: do house prices capitalize urban development policies in the agglomeration of Dijon (1999)? Université de Bourgogne.
Beaudry, C. Schiffauerova, A. (2009) Who’s right, Marshall or Jacobs? The localization versus urbanization debate. Research Policy 38, 318-337.
Bilbao-Osorio, B., Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2004) From R&D to innovation and economic growth in the EU. University of Kentucky. Growth and Change 35 (04), 434-455.
Bosch, M. Lederman, D. Maloney, F. W. (2005) Patenting and research and development: a global view. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 3739.
Blundell, R., Bond, S. (1998) Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics 87 (1), 115-143.
Bode, E. (2004) The spatial pattern of localized R&D spillovers: an empirical investigation for Germany. Journal of Economic Geography 4 (1), 43-64.
Breschi, S. (1998) Spatial patterns of innovation: evidence from patent data. In: Gambardela, A., Malerba, F. (Eds.), The Organization of Innovative Activity in Europe. Cambridge University Press.
Cabrer-Borrás, B., Serrano-Domingo, G. (2007) Innovation and R&D spillover effects in Spanish regions: A spatial approach. Research Policy 36 (9), 1357-1371.
Cameron, A. C., Trivedi, P. K. (2005) Microeconomics: Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Cano, W. (1977) Raízes da Concentração Industrial em São Paulo. Hucitec, São Paulo.
Carlino, G. A., Chatterjee, S., Hunt, R. M. (2007) Urban density and the rate of invention. Journal of Urban Economics 61 (3), 389–419.
Co, C. (2002) Evidence of the geography of innovation: evidence from patent data. Growth and Change 33 (4), 393-423.
Das, S., Finne, H. (2008) Innovation and co-location. Spatial Economic Analysis 3 (2), 159-189.
De Negri, J. A., Salermo, M. S., Castro, A. B. (2005) Inovações, padrões tecnológicos e desempenho das firmas industriais brasileiras. In: De Negri, J. A., Salermo, M. S. (Eds.), Inovações, Padrões Tecnológicos e Desempenho das Firmas Industriais Brasileiras. Brasília: IPEA 5-46.
Diniz, C. (1994) Polygonized development in Brazil: neither decentralization nor continued polarization. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 18, 293-314.
Diniz, C. C., Gonçalves, E. (2005) Economia do conhecimento e desenvolvimento regional no Brasil. In: I Encontro de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos. São Paulo.
Ejermo, O. (2005) Technological diversity and Jacobs’ externality hypothesis revisited. Growth and Change 36 (2), 167-195.
Feldman, M. P., Audretsch, D. B. (1999) Innovation in cities: science-based diversity, specialization and localized competition. European Economic Review 43 (2), 409-429.
Feldman, M. P., Florida, R. (1994) The geographic sources of innovation: Technological Infrastructure and Product Innovation in the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 84 (2), 210-229.
Fritsch, M; Franke, G. (2004) Innovation, regional spillovers and R&D cooperation. Research Policy 33, 245-255.
Getis, A., Griffith, D. A. (2002) Comparative spatial filtering in regression analysis. Geographical Analysis 34, 130-140.
Getis, A., Ord, J.K. (1992) The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geographical Analysis 24, 189-206.
Glaeser, E.L., Kallal, H. D., Scheinkman, J. A., Shleifer, A. (1992) Growth in cities. Journal of Political Economy 100 (6), 1126-1152.
Gonçalves, E. (2007a) O Padrão espacial da atividade inovadora brasileira: uma análise exploratória. Estudos Econômicos 37 (2), 403-433.
Gonçalves, E. (2007b) Firma e território: três ensaios sobre inovação em ambientes periféricos. Belo Horizonte: CEDEPLAR/UFMG (Tese).
Gonçalves, E. Almeida, E. S. (2009) Innovation and spatial knowledge spillovers: evidence from Brazilian patent data. Regional Studies, 43 (4), 513-528.
Greunz, L. (2002)The innovation process of European regions. Brussels Economic Review 45 (4), 59-94.
Greunz, L. (2004) Industrial structure and innovation: evidence from European regions. Journal of Evolutionary Economics 14 (5), 563-592.
Griliches, Z. (1979) Issues in assessing the contribution of research and development to productivity growth. Bell Journal of Economics 10 (1), 92-116.
Griliches, Z. (1990) Patent statistics as economic indicators: a survey. Journal of Economic Literature 28 (4), 1661-1707.
Iara, A. Traistaru, I. (2004) How flexible are wages in EU accession countries? Labour Economics 11 (4), 431-450.
INEP. Dados sobre educação. 2008. Disponível em: < http://www.edudatabrasil.inep.gov.br/>. Acesso em 30 jan 2008.
INPI. Dados sobre patentes – 2006. Disponível em: <http://www.inpi.gov.br/menu-esquerdo/patente/pasta_estatisticas/instituto/estatisticas.
Jacobs, J. (1969) The Economy of Cities. Nova York: Random House.
Jaffe, A. B. (1989) Real effects of academic research. The American Economic Review 79 (5), 957-970.
Jaffe, A.B., Henderson, R. M., Trajtenberg, M. (1993) Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citation. Quarterly Journal of Economics 63 (3), 577-598.
Johnston, J., Dinardo, J. (1997) Econometric Methods. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 4. ed, New York.
Koo, J. (2005) Agglomeration and spillovers in a simultaneous framework. The Annals of Regional Science 39 (1), 35-47.
Koo, J. (2007) Determinants of localized technology spillovers: role of regional and industrial attributes. Regional Studies 41 (7), 995-1011.
Lemos, M. B., Moro, S., Domingues, E. P., Ruiz, R. M. A. (2005) Organização territorial da indústria no Brasil. In: Negri, J.A. e Salermo, M. (Eds.). Inovação, Padrões Tecnológicos e Desempenho das Firmas Industriais Brasileiras. Brasília: IPEA 325-364.
Marshall, A. (1982) Princípios de Economia. São Paulo: Abril Cultural.
Moreno, R., Paci, R., Usai, S. (2004) Spatial spillovers and innovation activity in European regions. European Regional Science Association 3 (10), 1793-1812.
Moreno, R., Paci, R., Usai, S. (2005) Geographical and sectoral clusters of innovation in Europe. Original Paper 39 (4), 715-739.
Ord, J. K., Getis, A. (1995) Local spatial autocorrelation statistics: distributional issues and an application. Geographical Analysis 27 (4), 286-306.
Paci, R., Usai, S. (2000) The role of specialization and diversity externalities in the agglomeration of innovative activities. Rivista Italiana degli Economisti 2 (2), 237-268.
Panne, G. V. D. (2004) Agglomeration externalities: Marshall versus Jacobs. Journal of Evolutionary Economics 14 (5), 593–604.
Pavitt, K. (1984) Sectoral patterns of technical change: towards a taxonomy and a theory. Research Policy 13 (6), 343-373.
PIA. (2006) Pesquisa Industrial Anual – inovação tecnológica. Rio de Janeiro, IBGE.
PINTEC. (2005) Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica Industrial- Rio de Janeiro, IBGE.
Quadros, R., Brisolla, S., Furtado, A., Bernardes, R. (2001) Força e Fragilidade do Sistema de Inovação Paulista. São Paulo em Perspectiva 14 (3), 124-141.
RAIS. (2006) Relatório Anual de Informações Sociais. Brasília, Ministério do Trabalho.
Romer, P. (1986) Increasing returns and long-run growth. Journal of Political Economy 94 (5), 1002-1037.
Romer, P. (1990) Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy 98 (2), 71-102.
Simmie, J. (2001) Innovation and agglomeration theory. In: Simmie, J. (Ed.), Innovative Cities. New York: Spon Press, 11-52.
Souza, M. C., Garcia, R. (1999) Sistemas Locais de Inovação em São Paulo. In: Cassiolato, J. E., Lastres, H. M. M. Globalização e Inovação Localizada: Experiências de Sistemas Locais no Mercosul. Brasília: IBICT/MCT, 300-334.
Wood, P. (2001) Conclusions: innovative cities in Europe. In Simmie, J (Ed.), Innovative Cities. New York: Spon Press 231-247.
Acs, Z. J., Audretsch, D. B. (1989) Patents as a measure of innovative activity. Kyklos-International Review for Social Sciences 42, 171-180.
Albuquerque, E. M., Baessa, A., and Silva, L. (2005) A atividade de patenteamento no Brasil e no Exterior, in FAPESP. (Ed.) Indicadores de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em São Paulo - 2004, 6.1-6.37. FAPESP, São Paulo.
Anselin, L. Local Indicators of Spatial Association – LISA (1995) Geographical Analysis, 27 (2), 93-115.
Anselin, L. (1988) Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Dordrecht: Studies in Operational Regional Science, Kluwer Academic, Boston.
Anselin, L. (2003) Spatial externalities, spatial multipliers and spatial econometrics. International Regional Science Review 26 (3), 153-166.
Anselin, L., Bera, A. K. (1998) Spatial dependence in linear regression models with an introduction to Spatial Econometrics. In: A. Ullah and D. Giles (Eds), Handbook of Applied Economic Statistics, Berlin, 237-289.
Anselin, L., Varga, A., Acs, Z. (1997) Local geographic spillovers between university research and high technology innovations. Journal of Urban Economics 42 (3), 422-448.
Arellano, M., Bond, S. (1991) Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, 58 (2), 277-297.
Arrow, K. (1962) The economic implications of learning by doing. Review of Economic Studies 29, 155-173.
Arthur, B. (1989) Competing technologies, increasing returns and lock in by historical events. The Economic Journal 99 (394), 116-131.
Audretsch, D. B., Feldman, M. P. (1996) R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production. American Economic Review 86 (3), 630- 640.
Badinger, H., Muller, W. G. e Tondl, G. (2004) Regional convergence in the European Union (1985-1999): a spatial dynamic panel analysis. Regional Studies, 58, p. 241-253.
Baltagi, B. H. (2008) Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, Reino Unido.
Baumont, C. (2004) Spatial effects in housing price models: do house prices capitalize urban development policies in the agglomeration of Dijon (1999)? Université de Bourgogne.
Beaudry, C. Schiffauerova, A. (2009) Who’s right, Marshall or Jacobs? The localization versus urbanization debate. Research Policy 38, 318-337.
Bilbao-Osorio, B., Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2004) From R&D to innovation and economic growth in the EU. University of Kentucky. Growth and Change 35 (04), 434-455.
Bosch, M. Lederman, D. Maloney, F. W. (2005) Patenting and research and development: a global view. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 3739.
Blundell, R., Bond, S. (1998) Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics 87 (1), 115-143.
Bode, E. (2004) The spatial pattern of localized R&D spillovers: an empirical investigation for Germany. Journal of Economic Geography 4 (1), 43-64.
Breschi, S. (1998) Spatial patterns of innovation: evidence from patent data. In: Gambardela, A., Malerba, F. (Eds.), The Organization of Innovative Activity in Europe. Cambridge University Press.
Cabrer-Borrás, B., Serrano-Domingo, G. (2007) Innovation and R&D spillover effects in Spanish regions: A spatial approach. Research Policy 36 (9), 1357-1371.
Cameron, A. C., Trivedi, P. K. (2005) Microeconomics: Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Cano, W. (1977) Raízes da Concentração Industrial em São Paulo. Hucitec, São Paulo.
Carlino, G. A., Chatterjee, S., Hunt, R. M. (2007) Urban density and the rate of invention. Journal of Urban Economics 61 (3), 389–419.
Co, C. (2002) Evidence of the geography of innovation: evidence from patent data. Growth and Change 33 (4), 393-423.
Das, S., Finne, H. (2008) Innovation and co-location. Spatial Economic Analysis 3 (2), 159-189.
De Negri, J. A., Salermo, M. S., Castro, A. B. (2005) Inovações, padrões tecnológicos e desempenho das firmas industriais brasileiras. In: De Negri, J. A., Salermo, M. S. (Eds.), Inovações, Padrões Tecnológicos e Desempenho das Firmas Industriais Brasileiras. Brasília: IPEA 5-46.
Diniz, C. (1994) Polygonized development in Brazil: neither decentralization nor continued polarization. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 18, 293-314.
Diniz, C. C., Gonçalves, E. (2005) Economia do conhecimento e desenvolvimento regional no Brasil. In: I Encontro de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos. São Paulo.
Ejermo, O. (2005) Technological diversity and Jacobs’ externality hypothesis revisited. Growth and Change 36 (2), 167-195.
Feldman, M. P., Audretsch, D. B. (1999) Innovation in cities: science-based diversity, specialization and localized competition. European Economic Review 43 (2), 409-429.
Feldman, M. P., Florida, R. (1994) The geographic sources of innovation: Technological Infrastructure and Product Innovation in the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 84 (2), 210-229.
Fritsch, M; Franke, G. (2004) Innovation, regional spillovers and R&D cooperation. Research Policy 33, 245-255.
Getis, A., Griffith, D. A. (2002) Comparative spatial filtering in regression analysis. Geographical Analysis 34, 130-140.
Getis, A., Ord, J.K. (1992) The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geographical Analysis 24, 189-206.
Glaeser, E.L., Kallal, H. D., Scheinkman, J. A., Shleifer, A. (1992) Growth in cities. Journal of Political Economy 100 (6), 1126-1152.
Gonçalves, E. (2007a) O Padrão espacial da atividade inovadora brasileira: uma análise exploratória. Estudos Econômicos 37 (2), 403-433.
Gonçalves, E. (2007b) Firma e território: três ensaios sobre inovação em ambientes periféricos. Belo Horizonte: CEDEPLAR/UFMG (Tese).
Gonçalves, E. Almeida, E. S. (2009) Innovation and spatial knowledge spillovers: evidence from Brazilian patent data. Regional Studies, 43 (4), 513-528.
Greunz, L. (2002)The innovation process of European regions. Brussels Economic Review 45 (4), 59-94.
Greunz, L. (2004) Industrial structure and innovation: evidence from European regions. Journal of Evolutionary Economics 14 (5), 563-592.
Griliches, Z. (1979) Issues in assessing the contribution of research and development to productivity growth. Bell Journal of Economics 10 (1), 92-116.
Griliches, Z. (1990) Patent statistics as economic indicators: a survey. Journal of Economic Literature 28 (4), 1661-1707.
Iara, A. Traistaru, I. (2004) How flexible are wages in EU accession countries? Labour Economics 11 (4), 431-450.
INEP. Dados sobre educação. 2008. Disponível em: < http://www.edudatabrasil.inep.gov.br/>. Acesso em 30 jan 2008.
INPI. Dados sobre patentes – 2006. Disponível em: <http://www.inpi.gov.br/menu-esquerdo/patente/pasta_estatisticas/instituto/estatisticas.
Jacobs, J. (1969) The Economy of Cities. Nova York: Random House.
Jaffe, A. B. (1989) Real effects of academic research. The American Economic Review 79 (5), 957-970.
Jaffe, A.B., Henderson, R. M., Trajtenberg, M. (1993) Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citation. Quarterly Journal of Economics 63 (3), 577-598.
Johnston, J., Dinardo, J. (1997) Econometric Methods. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 4. ed, New York.
Koo, J. (2005) Agglomeration and spillovers in a simultaneous framework. The Annals of Regional Science 39 (1), 35-47.
Koo, J. (2007) Determinants of localized technology spillovers: role of regional and industrial attributes. Regional Studies 41 (7), 995-1011.
Lemos, M. B., Moro, S., Domingues, E. P., Ruiz, R. M. A. (2005) Organização territorial da indústria no Brasil. In: Negri, J.A. e Salermo, M. (Eds.). Inovação, Padrões Tecnológicos e Desempenho das Firmas Industriais Brasileiras. Brasília: IPEA 325-364.
Marshall, A. (1982) Princípios de Economia. São Paulo: Abril Cultural.
Moreno, R., Paci, R., Usai, S. (2004) Spatial spillovers and innovation activity in European regions. European Regional Science Association 3 (10), 1793-1812.
Moreno, R., Paci, R., Usai, S. (2005) Geographical and sectoral clusters of innovation in Europe. Original Paper 39 (4), 715-739.
Ord, J. K., Getis, A. (1995) Local spatial autocorrelation statistics: distributional issues and an application. Geographical Analysis 27 (4), 286-306.
Paci, R., Usai, S. (2000) The role of specialization and diversity externalities in the agglomeration of innovative activities. Rivista Italiana degli Economisti 2 (2), 237-268.
Panne, G. V. D. (2004) Agglomeration externalities: Marshall versus Jacobs. Journal of Evolutionary Economics 14 (5), 593–604.
Pavitt, K. (1984) Sectoral patterns of technical change: towards a taxonomy and a theory. Research Policy 13 (6), 343-373.
PIA. (2006) Pesquisa Industrial Anual – inovação tecnológica. Rio de Janeiro, IBGE.
PINTEC. (2005) Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica Industrial- Rio de Janeiro, IBGE.
Quadros, R., Brisolla, S., Furtado, A., Bernardes, R. (2001) Força e Fragilidade do Sistema de Inovação Paulista. São Paulo em Perspectiva 14 (3), 124-141.
RAIS. (2006) Relatório Anual de Informações Sociais. Brasília, Ministério do Trabalho.
Romer, P. (1986) Increasing returns and long-run growth. Journal of Political Economy 94 (5), 1002-1037.
Romer, P. (1990) Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy 98 (2), 71-102.
Simmie, J. (2001) Innovation and agglomeration theory. In: Simmie, J. (Ed.), Innovative Cities. New York: Spon Press, 11-52.
Souza, M. C., Garcia, R. (1999) Sistemas Locais de Inovação em São Paulo. In: Cassiolato, J. E., Lastres, H. M. M. Globalização e Inovação Localizada: Experiências de Sistemas Locais no Mercosul. Brasília: IBICT/MCT, 300-334.
Wood, P. (2001) Conclusions: innovative cities in Europe. In Simmie, J (Ed.), Innovative Cities. New York: Spon Press 231-247.
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01-12-2011
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Copyright (c) 2011 Rosa Livia Montenegro, Eduardo Gonçalves, Eduardo Almeida
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Como Citar
Montenegro, R. L., Gonçalves, E., & Almeida, E. (2011). Dinâmica espacial e temporal da inovação no estado de São Paulo: uma análise das externalidades de diversificação e especialização. Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo), 41(4), 743-776. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-41612011000400004
