有職故実と国語学―国学から国語学への展開をめぐって―

Résumé

Yûsoku kojitsu is a classical knowledge whose purpose was to study the etiquette of the imperial court and the aristocratic and military nobility of Japan. The translation by the term «etiquette» is not adequate because the broad and deep knowledge covered by the expression Yûsoku kojitsu does not fit in that word. Indeed, the Yûsoku kojitsu is studies on the positions and functions of the imperial administrative structure and the nobility titles; the architecture of palaces and other buildings; the dress of the nobles according to the positions occupied; the armaments that nobles of different degrees should or could carry; the commemorative activities of the year and the celebrations, etc. This article relates this ancient study, which emerged in the Heian period and which became an institutionalized knowledge in the second half of the 18th century with the Nativism, with studies on Japanese language, literature and history that would be constituted at the end of 19th century. The term Nativism refers to the Kokugaku (in literal translation: National Studies) which was an intellectual movement to search for authentic Japanese through studies of genuinely Japanese works, among which the literary texts of the Nara and Heian periods. We try to demonstrate what Japanese Linguistics called Kokugogaku inherited and discarded from Yûsoku kojitsu in the process of its formation as a science during the Modernization.