Perceived characteristics of the neighborhood and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-section study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/e22015723ptKeywords:
Built Environment, Neighborhood Characteristics, Depression, AgedAbstract
The high prevalence of depressive symptoms
in older adults highlights the importance of investigating
risk factors that may contribute to this condition, especially
those that are subject to effective interventions, such as
the neighborhood environment. However, the association
between perceived characteristics of the environment and presence of depressive symptoms in Brazilian older adults,
as well as in those who attend Primary Health Care (PHC)
units is not yet fully established. This study aimed to verify the
association between the perception of the neighborhood and
presence of depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older
adults. This is a cross-sectional, household-based study with a
probabilistic sample. A total of 293 community-dwelling older
adults (57.3% women; 54.7% aged 60–69 years) and registered
in the municipal Primary Health Care System of Balneário
Arroio do Silva/SC were included. Depressive symptoms were
assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and
the perception of the environment was obtained using the
adapted instrument Neighborhood Environment Walkability
Scale (NEWS). Associations were tested by multivariate
logistic regression. Significant negative associations were
observed between the presence of food establishments
(OR: 0.52; 95%CI: 0.28–0.98), health clinics and community
centers (OR: 0.52; 95%CI: 0.28–0.96), outdoor gyms
(OR: 0.38; 95%CI: 0.20–0.72), fitness centers and/or clubs
(OR: 0.42; 95%CI: 0.19–0.89), well-maintained sidewalks
(OR: 0.37; 95%CI: 0.19–0.71), pedestrian signals (OR: 0.39; 95%CI:
0.18–0.84), and neighborhood safety for walking during the
day (OR: 0.35; 95%CI: 0.16–0.76) and night (OR: 0.40; 95%CI:
0.19–0.83) and the presence of depressive symptoms. It was
concluded that there is inverse associations between better
perceived characteristics of the environment and the presence
of depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults,
demonstrating the importance of promoting strategies to
improve the neighborhood infrastructure and prevent depressive
symptoms in this population
Downloads
References
Mendes-Chiloff CL, Lima MCP, Torres AR, Santos JLF, Duarte YO, Lebrão ML, et al. Sintomas depressivos em idosos do município de São Paulo, Brasil: prevalência e fatores associados (Estudo SABE). Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2019;21(Suppl 2):E180014.SUPL.2. doi: 10.1590/1980-549720180014.SUPL.2.
American Psychiatric Association. Updates to DSM-5-TR criteria and text. Washington (DC): APA; 2022 [cited 2022 Nov 1]. Available from: https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/updates-to-dsm/updatesto-dsm-5-tr-criteria-text
Wu Q, Feng J, Pan CW. Risk factors for depression in the elderly: an umbrella review of published meta-analyses and systematic reviews. J Affect Disord. 2022;307:37-45. doi: 10.1016/J.JAD.2022.03.062.
Hu T, Zhao X, Wu M, Li Z, Luo L, Yang C, et al. Prevalence of depression in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2022;311:114511. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114511.
Meneguci J, Meneguci CAG, Moreira MM, Pereira KR, Tribess S, Sasaki JE, et al. Prevalência de sintomatologia depressiva em idosos brasileiros: uma revisão sistemática com metanálise. J Bras Psiquiatr. 2019;68(4):221-30. doi: 10.1590/0047-2085000000250.
Hammen C. Risk factors for depression: an autobiographical review. Ann Rev Clin Psychol. 2018;14:1-28. doi: 10.1146/ANNUREV-CLINPSY-050817-084811.
Barnett A, Zhang CJP, Johnston JM, Cerin E. Relationships between the neighborhood environment and depression in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Psychogeriatr. 2018;30(8):1153-76. doi: 10.1017/S104161021700271X.
Rojas-Rueda D, Morales-Zamora E, Alsufyani WA, Herbst CH, AlBalawi SM, Alsukait R, et al. Environmental risk factors and health: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(2):704. doi: 10.3390/IJERPH18020704.
Pinter-Wollman N, Jelić A, Wells NM. The impact of the built environment on health behaviours and disease transmission in social systems. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2018;373(1753):20170245. doi: 10.1098/RSTB.2017.0245.
Laddu D, Paluch AE, LaMonte MJ. The role of the built environment in promoting movement and physical activity across the lifespan: implications for public health. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2021;64:33-40. doi: 10.1016/J.PCAD.2020.12.009.
Park YS, McMorris BJ, Pruinelli L, Song Y, Kaas MJ, Wyman JF. Use of geographic information systems to explore associations between neighborhood attributes and mental health outcomes in adults: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(16):8597. doi: 10.3390/IJERPH18168597/S1.
Loh VHY, Rachele JN, Brown WJ, Washington S, Turrell G. Neighborhood disadvantage, individual-level socioeconomic position and physical function: a crosssectional multilevel analysis. Prev Med. 2016;89:112-20. doi: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2016.05.007.
Cordeiro ES, Biz MCP, editors. Implantando a CIF – o que acontece na prática? Rio de Janeiro: Wak Editora; 2017.
Whitaker KM, Xiao Q, Gabriel KP, Larsen PG, Jacobs DR Jr, Sidney S, et al. Perceived and objective characteristics of the neighborhood environment are associated with accelerometer-measured sedentary time and physical activity, the CARDIA Study. Prev Med. 2019;123:242-9. doi: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2019.03.039.
Wang Y, Chau CK, Ng WY, Leung TM. A review on the effects of physical built environment attributes on enhancing walking and cycling activity levels within residential neighborhoods. Cities. 2016;50:1-15. doi: 10.1016/J.CITIES.2015.08.004.
Botticello AL, Rohrbach T, Cobbold N. Disability and the built environment: an investigation of community and neighborhood land uses and participation for physically impaired adults. Ann Epidemiol. 2014;24(7):545-50. doi: 10.1016/J.ANNEPIDEM.2014.05.003.
Jokela M. Are neighborhood health associations causal? A 10-year prospective cohort study with repeated measurements. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;180(8):776-84. doi: 10.1093/AJE/KWU233.
Herrman H, Patel V, Kieling C, Berk M, Buchweitz C, Cuijpers P, et al. Time for united action on depression: a Lancet-world psychiatric association commission. Lancet. 2022;399(10328): 957-1022. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02141-3.
Saelens BE, Sallis JF, Black JB, Chen D. Neighborhoodbased differences in physical activity: an environment scale evaluation. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(9):1552-8. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1552.
Malavasi LM, Duarte MFS, Both J, Reis RS. Escala de mobilidade ativa no ambiente comunitário – News Brasil: retradução e reprodutibilidade. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum. 2007;9(4):339-50. doi: 10.1590/%25x.
Florindo AA, Guimarães VV, Farias JC Jr, Salvador EP, Sá TH, Reis RS, et al. Validação de uma escala de percepção do ambiente para a prática de atividade física em adultos de uma região de baixo nível socioeconômico. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum. 2012;14(6):647-59. doi: 10.5007/1980-0037.2012v14n6p647.
Paradela EMP, Lourenço RA, Veras RP. Validation of geriatric depression scale in a general outpatient clinic. Rev Saude Publica. 2005;39(6):918-23. doi: 10.1590/S0034-89102005000600008.
Almeida OP, Almeida SA. Reliability of the Brazilian version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) short form. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 1999;57(2B):421-6. doi: 10.1590/S0004-282X1999000300013.
Salk RH, Hyde JS, Abramson LY. Gender differences in depression in representative national samples: meta-analyses of diagnoses and symptoms. Psychol Bull. 2017;143(8):783-822. doi: 10.1037/BUL0000102.
Casey DA. Depression in the elderly: a review and update. Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2012;4(3):160-7. doi: 10.1111/J.1758-5872.2012.00191.X.
Ruiz MA, Beenackers MA, Doiron D, Gurer A, Sarr A, Sohel N, et al. Gender, marital and educational inequalities in mid-to late-life depressive symptoms: cross-cohort variation and moderation by urbanicity degree. J Epidemiol Comm Health. 2021;75(5):442-9. doi: 10.1136/JECH-2020-214241.
Cunha RV, Bastos GAN, del Duca GF. Prevalence of depression and associated factors in a low income community of Porto
Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2012;15(2): 346-54. doi: 10.1590/S1415-790X2012000200012.
Roberts H, van Lissa C, Helbich M. Perceived neighbourhood characteristics and depressive symptoms: potential ediators and the moderating role of employment status. Soc Sci Med. 2021;268:113533. doi: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2020.113533.
Cândido LM, Vieira LA, Avelar NCP, Danielewicz AL. Perceived characteristics of the built neighborhood environment and negative self-rated health in Brazilian communitydwelling older adults. Exp Aging Res. 2022:1-12. doi: 10.1080/0361073X.2022.2133296.
Helbich M, Hagenauer J, Roberts H. Relative importance of perceived physical and social neighborhood characteristics for depression: a machine learning approach. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2020;55(5):599-610. doi: 10.1007/S00127-019-01808-5.
Pérez E, Braën C, Boyer G, Mercille G, Rehany E, Deslauriers V, et al. Neighbourhood community life and health: a systematic review of reviews. Health Place. 2020;61:102238. doi: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2019.102238.
Ivey SL, Kealey M, Kurtovich E, Hunter RH, Prohaska TR, Bayles CM, et al. Neighborhood characteristics and depressive symptoms in an older population. Aging Ment Health. 2015;19(8):713-22. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2014.962006.
Wu YT, Prina AM, Jones AP, Barnes LE, Matthews FE, Brayne C. Community environment, cognitive impairment and dementia in later life: results from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. Age Ageing. 2015;44(6):1005-11. doi: 10.1093/AGEING/AFV137.
James P, Hart JE, Banay RF, Laden F, Signorello LB. Built environment and depression in low-income African Americans and whites. Am J Prev Med. 2017;52(1):74-84. doi: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2016.08.022.
Gariepy G, Thombs BD, Kestens Y, Kaufman JS, Blair A, Schmitz N. The neighbourhood built environment and trajectories of depression symptom episodes in adults: a latent class growth analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0133603. doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0133603.
Cerin E, Nathan A, van Cauwenberg J, Barnett DW, Barnett A. The neighbourhood physical environment and active travel in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017;14(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-0471-5.
Soma Y, Tsunoda K, Kitano N, Jindo T, Tsuji T, Saghazadeh M, et al. Relationship between built environment attributes and physical function in Japanese community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2017;17(3):382-90. doi: 10.1111/ggi.12717.
Portegijs E, Keskinen KE, Tsai LT, Rantanen T, Rantakokko M. Physical limitations, walkability, perceived environmental facilitators and physical activity of older adults in Finland. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(3):333. doi: 10.3390/IJERPH14030333.
Clarke PJ, Weuve J, Barnes L, Evans DA, Mendes de Leon CF. Cognitive decline and the neighborhood environment. Ann Epidemiol. 2015;25(11):849-54. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem. 2015.07.001.
Remigio-Baker RA, Roux AVD, Szklo M, Crum RM, Leoutsakos JM, Franco M, et al. Physical environment may modify the association between depressive symptoms and change in waist circumference: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Psychosomatics. 2014;55(2):144-54. doi: 10.1016/J.PSYM.2013.10.008.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Letícia Martins Cândido, Janaina Rocha Niehues, Luiza Alves Vieira, Talita Tuon, Núbia Carelli Pereira de Avelar, Ana Lúcia Danielewicz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
