Contribuciones de la participación social al equilibrio dinámico, la movilidad y la fuerza muscular de diferentes grupos de edad de ancianos: un estudio transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/22000530012023ENPalabras clave:
Anciano, Rendimiento Físico Funcional, Participación Social, Ejercicio FisicoResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las contribuciones
de la participación social en grupos de promoción de la salud y en
programas de ejercicio físico regular para el desempeño físico y
funcional de ancianos residentes en comunidad de diferentes grupos
de edad. Para ello, se realizó un estudio transversal con 266 ancianos.
El rendimiento físico y funcional (variables dependientes) se
caracterizó con base en el equilibrio dinámico (prueba de escalón
alterno), en la movilidad (prueba timed up and go), en la fuerza
muscular de los miembros superiores (dinamómetro de agarre
manual) y miembros inferiores (prueba de levantarse y sentarse).
Las preguntas del cuestionario versaban sobre la participación
social activa de los encuestados en grupos de atención primaria y
en programas de ejercicio físico. Los datos se analizaron mediante
regresiones lineales. Entre las personas de 80 años o más, las mujeres
participaban menos en los grupos de promoción de la salud y
ambos sexos practicaban menos ejercicio físico. La combinación
edad y ejercicio regular explicó significativamente el 18,7% del
equilibrio dinámico y el 22,8% de la fuerza muscular de los miembros
inferiores en las mujeres. Para los participantes del sexo masculino,
independientemente de la participación social, la edad por sí sola
explicó el 11,9% de la fuerza de los miembros inferiores y el 11,5% de
la movilidad. Se encontró que la participación social en programas
de ejercicio físico fue un factor protector entre las mujeres para
estas diferencias físicas y funcionales entre los grupos de edad.
Entre los hombres, el rendimiento de la movilidad y fuerza de las
extremidades inferiores empeoró conforme el aumento de la edad,
independientemente de la participación social.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Patrícia Azevedo Garcia, Arielle Rodrigues Maringolo, Sabrina Nunes Gabriel, Cristiane de Almeida Nagata, Tânia Cristina Dias da Silva Hamu
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
