Geochemical and isotopic characterization of oils from Brazilian basins
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v22-188786Keywords:
Organic geochemistry, Compound-specific isotopic analysis, Petroleum, Biomarkers, Petroleum fingerprintingAbstract
In organic geochemistry, the determination of the origin of oil can often be accessed by studying its fossil organic molecules. These molecules, the biomarkers, allow us to infer environmental conditions of the source rock, providing the correlation between generated oil and its rock. Despite the wide applicability of biomarkers, molecular geochemical methods do not always allow to effectively differentiate oils generated from source rocks deposited under similar conditions. However, isotopic analysis of individual compounds in oils can help to differentiate sources by establishing more exact fingerprints of the oils. To test the δ13C proxy on individual compounds in biogeochemical analysis, this study presents an integrated assessment of biomarkers, total oil isotopic analysis and individual compounds in oils from five Brazilian basins: Recôncavo Basin, Paraná Basin, Santos Basin, Solimões Basin, and Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. The isotopic and geochemical data reported here reinforces the actual interpretation proposed for the paleoenvironments associated with the source rocks and correlated oils. Analyses of the individual compounds pristane and phytane, compounds that are commonly used as a paleoredox tool, revealed that these individual compounds differ in isotopic values. This result demonstrates that, in most cases, these components have different sources that make difficult the single application of the P/F ratio as a paleoredox tool. Additionally, oils associated with source rocks deposited under similar condition have distinct isotopic values for both whole oil composition and individual compounds. This result highlights that the technique is promising for providing oil fingerprints that can be further useful for the identification of the origin of oil, provided these are pollutants in environmental disasters.
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