Indicators of illness before and after the child´s entry into a day nursery
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.19754Keywords:
Adaptation to the day nursery, Child health, Day nurseryAbstract
In the scientific literature, even the studies that show not only variants but sometimes inconclusive results, do not always manage to free themselves from the relation of cause and effect between nursery education and illness. This study investigated the occurrence of illness in the medical records of 109 middle-class children and the relation of the results to their entry into day nurseries, through the identification of variation(s) in the number of appointments and in the number of illnesses in the first twelve months of attendance at nursery school, when compared with the two months preceding entry. The statistical analysis of these variations was made through the Wilcoxon's test, considering significant the values p d0,05. The analysis revealed that, in the samples studied, there was no increase or variation in the variable appointments in the twelve months after entry into nursery education, although there was a significant increase in the complaints in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd bimesters. It's possible that the family, especially the mother, when faced with a professional influenced by numerous scientific studies showing the relation between nursery education/ illness, presents more health complaints with relation to the child, even though the child does not in fact become ill more frequently, and hence, does not require more frequent medical attention. These complaints, which are transformed into the diagnosis of illnesses, lead to the confirmation of the medical prediction. However, in order to be able to evaluate the real effect of this self-fulfilling prophecy, complementary studies are needed so that this hypothesis can be better evaluated.References
Rossetti-Ferreira MC, Amorim KS, Vitória T. A creche enquanto contexto possível de desenvolvimento da criança pequena. Rev Bras Cresc Desenv Hum. 1994; 4(2): 35-40.
Rapoport A, Piccinini CA. O ingresso e adaptação de bebês e crianças pequenas à creche: alguns aspectos críticos. Psicol Reflex Crit 2001;14(1):81-95.
Rapoport A, Piccinini CA. Concepções de educadoras sobre a adaptação de bebês à creche. Psic Teor e Pesq. 2001; 17(1): 69-78.
Lucarelli MDM, Lipp MEN. Validação do inventário de sintomas de stress infantil – ISS – I. Psicol Reflex Crit. 1999; 12(1): 71-88.
Oliveira ZMR, Rossetti-Ferreira MC. Propostas para o atendimento em creches no município de São Paulo: histórico de uma realidade. Cad. Pesquisa 1986; 56: 39-65.
Barros AJD. Child-care attendance and common morbidity: evidence of association in the literature and questions of design. Rev Saúde Pública. 1999;33(1):98-106.
Fonseca W, Kirkwood BR, Barros AJD, Misago C, Correia LL, Flores JAM, et al. Attendance at day care centers increases the risk of childhood pneumonia among the urban poor in Fortaleza, Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública. 1996;12(2):133-40.
Fuchs SC, Maynart RC, Costa LF, Cardoso A, Schierholt R. Duration of day-care attendance and acute respiratory infection. Cad Saúde Pública. 1996;12(3):291-6.
Victora CG, Fuchs SC, Flores JAC, Fonseca W, Kirkwood B. Risk factors for pneumonia among children in a brasilian metropolitan area. Pediatrics. 1994;93(6):977-85.
Holberg CJ, Wright AL, Martinez FD, MorganWJ, Taussing LM, Group Health Medical Associates. Child day care, smoking by caregivers, and lower respiratory tract illness in the first 3years of life. Pediatrics 1993; 91(5): 885-92.
Blake PA, Ramos S, Mcdonald KL, Rassi V, Gomes TAT, Ivey C, et al. Pathogen-specific risk factors and protective factors for acute diarrheal disease in urban brasilian infants. J Infect Dis. 1993; 167: 627-32.
Hurwitz ES, Gunn WJ, Pinsky PF, Schonberger LB. Risk of respiratory illness associated withday-care attendance: a nationwide study. Pediatrics 1991; 87(1): 62-9.
Fleming DW, Cochi SL, Hightower AW, Broome CV. Childhood upper respiratory tract infections: to what degree is incidence affected by day-care attendance? Pediatrics 1987; 79(1): 55-60.
Haskins R, Katch J. Day care and illness: evidence cost and public policy. Pediatrics 1986; 77(6):951-82.
Reves RR, Morrow AL, Bartlett III AV, Caruso CJ, Plumb RL, Lu BT, Pickering LK. Child day care increases the risk of clinic visits for acute diarrhea and diarrhea due to rotavirus. Am J Epidemiol. 1993;137(1):97-107.
Wald ER, Dashefsky B, Byers C, Guerra N, Taylor F. Frequency and severity of infections in daycare. J Pediatr. 1988;112(4):540-6.
Anderson LJ, Parker RA, Strikas RA, Farrar JA, Gangarosa EJ, Keyserling HL, et al. Day-care center attendance and hospitalization for lower respiratory tract illness. Pediatrics. 1988; 82(3): 300-8.
Queiróz DAO, Cardoso DDP, Martelli CMT, Martins RMB, Porto SOB, Borges AMT, et al. Risk factors and prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A vírus (HAV) in children from day-care centers, in Goiânia, Brasil. Rev Inst Med Trop. 1995;37(5):427-33.
Amorim K, Yazlle C, Rossetti-Ferreira MC. Binômios saúde-doença e cuidado-educação em ambientes coletivos de educação da criança pequena. Rev Bras Cresc Desenv Hum. 2000;10(2): 03-18.
Preuss MRG. Atitudes Maternas e tipo de cuidado alternativo escolhido por mães que trabalham fora. Psic Teor e Pesq. 1986;2(3):213-24.
Amorim KS, Rossetti-Ferreira MC. Análise crítica de investigações sobre doenças infecciosas respiratórias em crianças que freqüentam creche. J Pediatr. 1999;75(5):313-20.
Machado AL. Atendimento Ambulatorial. Boletim Informativo da Sociedade Espírito-santense sede Pediatria. Sociedade Espírito-santense de Pediatria 2004; 58. p.1-4.
Rosenthal R, Jacobson LF. Pygmalion in the classroom. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston; 1968.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
CODE OF CONDUCT FOR JOURNAL PUBLISHERS
Publishers who are Committee on Publication Ethics members and who support COPE membership for journal editors should:
- Follow this code, and encourage the editors they work with to follow the COPE Code of Conduct for Journal Edi- tors (http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/New_Code.pdf)
- Ensure the editors and journals they work with are aware of what their membership of COPE provides and en- tails
- Provide reasonable practical support to editors so that they can follow the COPE Code of Conduct for Journal Editors (http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/New_Code.pdf_)
Publishers should:
- Define the relationship between publisher, editor and other parties in a contract
- Respect privacy (for example, for research participants, for authors, for peer reviewers)
- Protect intellectual property and copyright
- Foster editorial independence
Publishers should work with journal editors to:
- Set journal policies appropriately and aim to meet those policies, particularly with respect to:
– Editorial independence
– Research ethics, including confidentiality, consent, and the special requirements for human and animal research
– Authorship
– Transparency and integrity (for example, conflicts of interest, research funding, reporting standards
– Peer review and the role of the editorial team beyond that of the journal editor
– Appeals and complaints
- Communicate journal policies (for example, to authors, readers, peer reviewers)
- Review journal policies periodically, particularly with respect to new recommendations from the COPE
- Code of Conduct for Editors and the COPE Best Practice Guidelines
- Maintain the integrity of the academic record
- Assist the parties (for example, institutions, grant funders, governing bodies) responsible for the investigation of suspected research and publication misconduct and, where possible, facilitate in the resolution of these cases
- Publish corrections, clarifications, and retractions
- Publish content on a timely basis