Confiança, confiabilidade e ética: podem as empresas aprender alguma coisa com Aristóteles?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2238-2593.organicom.2018.149124Palavras-chave:
Crise, Confiança, Confiabilidade, Ética nos negócios, Aristóteles, VirtudesResumo
A recente crise de 2007 deu uma grande visibilidade ao problema da confiança nas organizações e ao problema associado da confiabilidade dos CEOs, reabrindo o debate sobre a importância da ética nos negócios. Contudo, a ambiguidade de alguns conceitos e a escassez de referências sobre a ética da confiança podem limitar os resultados desta discussão. Com este trabalho, propõe-se a recuperação de uma parte do pensamento de Aristóteles e sugerem-se alguns contributos para a análise do problema.
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Referências
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DONALDSON, Thomas; WERHANE, Patricia; CORDING, Margaret. Ethical issues in business: a philosophical approach. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall, 2002.
EARLE, Timothy; CVETKOVICH, George. Social trust: toward a cosmopolitan society. London: Praeger Publishers, 1995.
FLORES, Fernando; SOLOMON, Robert. Creating trust. Business Ethics Quaterly, Cambridge, v. 8, n. 2, p. 205-232, 1998.
FUKUYAMA, Francis. Confiança: valores sociais e criação de prosperidade. Lisboa: Gradiva, 1996.
GEFEN, David. E-commerce: the role of familiarity and trust. Omega, Amsterdam, v. 28, n. 6, p. 725-737, 2000.
GIFFIN, Kim. The contribution of studies of source credibility to a theory of interpersonal trust in the communication process. Psychological Bulletin, Washington, v. 68, n. 2, p. 104-120, 1967.
HARDIN, Russell. Trust and trustworthiness. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2002.
HETHERINGTON, Marc. Why trust matters: declining political trust and the demise of american liberalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005.
HOSMER, Larue. Trust: the connecting link between organizational theory and philosophical ethics. Academy of Management Review, New York, v. 20, n. 2, p. 379-403, 1995.
HOVLAND, Carl; JANIS, Irving; KELLEY, Harold. Communication and persuasion. Psychological studies of opinion change. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1953.
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LEVI, Margaret; STOKER, Laura. Political trust and trustworthiness. Annual Review of Political Science, Palo Alto, v. 3, n. 1, p. 475-507, 2000.
MACKAY, A. F. Aristotle’s dilemma. The Journal of Ethics, [s. l.], v. 9, n. 3-4, p. 533-549, 2005.
MARTORELL, Leandro; NASCIMENTO, Wanderson; GARRAFA, Volnei. Redes sociais, privacidade, confidencialidade e ética: a exposição de imagens de pacientes no Facebook. Interface: Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, Botucatu, v. 20, p. 13-23, 2015.
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MCCROSKEY, James; TEVEN, Jason. Goodwill: a reexamination of the construct and its measurement. Communication Monographs, London, v. 66, p. 90-103, 1999.
MCCROSKEY, James; YOUNG, Thomas. Ethos and credibility: the construct and its measurement after three decades. Central States Speech Journal, London, v. 32, n. 1, p. 24-34, 1981.
MCKNIGHT, D Harrison; CHERVANY, Norman. Trust and distrust definitions: one bite at a time. In: FALCONE, R.; SINGH, M.; TAN, Y.-H. (ed.). Trust in cyber-societies: integrating the human and artificial perspectives. New York: Springer; Verlag, 2001. p. 27-54.
MEYER, Michel. As bases da retórica. In: CARRILHO, M. M. (coord.). Retórica e comunicação. Lisboa: Edições ASA, 1994. p. 31-70.
NASSAR, Paulo; FARIAS, Luis. Ética e organizações: narrativas e conflitos. Organicom, São Paulo, v. 14, n. 27, p. 70-80, 2017.
OLIVEIRA, Mário. Para inspirar confiança: considerações sobre a formação moral em Kant. Trans/Form/Ação, Marília, v. 29, n. 1, p. 69-77, 2006.
PERSILY, Nathaniel. The 2016 US Election: can democracy survive the internet? Journal of Democracy, Washington, DC, v. 28, n. 2, p. 63-76, 2017.
PETTY, Richard; BRIÑOL, Pablo. Persuasion: from single to multiple to metacognitive processes. Perspectives on Psychological Science, [s. l.], v. 3, n. 2, p. 137-147, 2008.
PUTNAM, Robert. Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of american community. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001.
RICE, Stephen; TRAFIMOW, David; HUNT, Gayle; SANDRY, Joshua. Generalizing Kant’s distinction between perfect and imperfect duties to trust in different situations. The Journal of General Psychology, London, v. 137, n. 1, p. 20-36, 2010.
RIFON, Nora; LAROSE, Robert; CHOI, Ssejung. Your privacy is sealed: effects of web privacy seals on trust and personal disclosures. Journal of Consumer Affairs, v. 39, n. 2 , p. 339-362, 2005.
ROSENBERG, Mathew; CONFESSORE, Nicholas; CADWALLADR, Carole. How Trump consultants exploited the Facebook data of millions. The New York Times. March 17, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/17/ us/politics/cambridge-analytica-trump-campaign.html. Acesso em: 21 jul. 2018.
SOLOMON, Robert. Corporate roles, personal virtues: an aristotelean approach to business ethics. Business Ethics Quaterly, Cambridge, v. 2, n. 3, p. 317-339, 1992.
SOMMERS, Mary Catherine. Useful friendships: a foundation for business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, [s. l.], v. 16, p. 1453-1458, 1997.
VILHELMSDÓTTIR, Sjofn; KRISTINSSON, Gunnar Helgi. Political trust in Iceland: performance or politics? Icelandic Review of Politics & Administration, Reykjavík, v. 14, n. 1, p. 211-234, 2018.
WHITE, Mark. A kantian critique of antitrust: on morality and Microsoft. Journal of Private Enterprise, Chattanooga, v. 22, n. 2, p. 161-190, 2007.
ARISTÓTELES. Ética a Nicómaco. Tradução de António de Castro Caeiro. Lisboa: Quetzal Editores, 2006.
BAIER, Annette. Trust and antitrust. Ethics, [s. l.], v. 96, n. 2, p. 231-260, 1986.
BEASON, Larry. Appeals to ethos in business speeches. The Journal of Business Communication, Thousand Oaks, v. 28, n. 4, p. 326-346, 1991.
BIGLEY, Gregory; PEARCE, Jone. Straining for shared meaning in organization science: problems of trust and distrust. Academy of Management Review, New York, v. 23, n. 3, p. 405-421, 1998.
BOTO, Carlota. Ética e educação clássica: virtude e felicidade no justo meio. Educação & Sociedade, Campinas, v. 22, p. 121-146, 2001.
BRUNO, Fernanda. Dispositivos de vigilância no ciberespaço: duplos digitais e identidades simuladas. Fronteiras: estudos midiáticos, São Leopoldo, v. 8, n. 2, p. 152-159, 2006.
CHUN, Ki-Taek; CAMPBELL, John. Notes on the internal structure of Wrightsman’s measure of trustworthiness. Psychological Reports, [s. l.], v. 37, n. 1, p. 323-330, 1975.
COLEMAN, James. Foundations of social theory. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1994.
DE COLLE, Simone; WERHANE, Patricia. Moral motivational across ethical theories: what can we learn for designing corporate ethics programs? Journal of Business Ethics, [s. l.], v. 81, n.4, p. 751-764, 2008.
DONALDSON, Thomas; WERHANE, Patricia; CORDING, Margaret. Ethical issues in business: a philosophical approach. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall, 2002.
EARLE, Timothy; CVETKOVICH, George. Social trust: toward a cosmopolitan society. London: Praeger Publishers, 1995.
FLORES, Fernando; SOLOMON, Robert. Creating trust. Business Ethics Quaterly, Cambridge, v. 8, n. 2, p. 205-232, 1998.
FUKUYAMA, Francis. Confiança: valores sociais e criação de prosperidade. Lisboa: Gradiva, 1996.
GEFEN, David. E-commerce: the role of familiarity and trust. Omega, Amsterdam, v. 28, n. 6, p. 725-737, 2000.
GIFFIN, Kim. The contribution of studies of source credibility to a theory of interpersonal trust in the communication process. Psychological Bulletin, Washington, v. 68, n. 2, p. 104-120, 1967.
HARDIN, Russell. Trust and trustworthiness. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2002.
HETHERINGTON, Marc. Why trust matters: declining political trust and the demise of american liberalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005.
HOSMER, Larue. Trust: the connecting link between organizational theory and philosophical ethics. Academy of Management Review, New York, v. 20, n. 2, p. 379-403, 1995.
HOVLAND, Carl; JANIS, Irving; KELLEY, Harold. Communication and persuasion. Psychological studies of opinion change. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1953.
KANT, Immanuel. Fundamentação da metafísica dos costumes. Tradução Paulo Quintela. Lisboa: Edições 70, 2008.
KOZLOWSKA, Iga. Facebook and data privacy in the age of Cambridge Analytica. The Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, Seatlle, 30 abr. 2018. Disponível em: https://jsis.washington.edu/news/facebook-data-privacy-age-cambridge-analytica/. Acesso em: 21 jul. 2018.
KRUGLANSKI, Arie; THOMPSON, Erik. Persuasion by a single route: a view from the unimodel. Psychological Inquiry, London, v. 10, n. 2, p. 83-109, 1999.
LEVI, Margaret; STOKER, Laura. Political trust and trustworthiness. Annual Review of Political Science, Palo Alto, v. 3, n. 1, p. 475-507, 2000.
MACKAY, A. F. Aristotle’s dilemma. The Journal of Ethics, [s. l.], v. 9, n. 3-4, p. 533-549, 2005.
MARTORELL, Leandro; NASCIMENTO, Wanderson; GARRAFA, Volnei. Redes sociais, privacidade, confidencialidade e ética: a exposição de imagens de pacientes no Facebook. Interface: Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, Botucatu, v. 20, p. 13-23, 2015.
MCCROSKEY, James; RICHMOND, Virginia. Human communication theory and models: traditions and models. In: SALWEN, M. B.; STACKS, D. W. (ed.). An integrated approach to communication theory and research. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996. p. 233-242.
MCCROSKEY, James; TEVEN, Jason. Goodwill: a reexamination of the construct and its measurement. Communication Monographs, London, v. 66, p. 90-103, 1999.
MCCROSKEY, James; YOUNG, Thomas. Ethos and credibility: the construct and its measurement after three decades. Central States Speech Journal, London, v. 32, n. 1, p. 24-34, 1981.
MCKNIGHT, D Harrison; CHERVANY, Norman. Trust and distrust definitions: one bite at a time. In: FALCONE, R.; SINGH, M.; TAN, Y.-H. (ed.). Trust in cyber-societies: integrating the human and artificial perspectives. New York: Springer; Verlag, 2001. p. 27-54.
MEYER, Michel. As bases da retórica. In: CARRILHO, M. M. (coord.). Retórica e comunicação. Lisboa: Edições ASA, 1994. p. 31-70.
NASSAR, Paulo; FARIAS, Luis. Ética e organizações: narrativas e conflitos. Organicom, São Paulo, v. 14, n. 27, p. 70-80, 2017.
OLIVEIRA, Mário. Para inspirar confiança: considerações sobre a formação moral em Kant. Trans/Form/Ação, Marília, v. 29, n. 1, p. 69-77, 2006.
PERSILY, Nathaniel. The 2016 US Election: can democracy survive the internet? Journal of Democracy, Washington, DC, v. 28, n. 2, p. 63-76, 2017.
PETTY, Richard; BRIÑOL, Pablo. Persuasion: from single to multiple to metacognitive processes. Perspectives on Psychological Science, [s. l.], v. 3, n. 2, p. 137-147, 2008.
PUTNAM, Robert. Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of american community. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001.
RICE, Stephen; TRAFIMOW, David; HUNT, Gayle; SANDRY, Joshua. Generalizing Kant’s distinction between perfect and imperfect duties to trust in different situations. The Journal of General Psychology, London, v. 137, n. 1, p. 20-36, 2010.
RIFON, Nora; LAROSE, Robert; CHOI, Ssejung. Your privacy is sealed: effects of web privacy seals on trust and personal disclosures. Journal of Consumer Affairs, v. 39, n. 2 , p. 339-362, 2005.
ROSENBERG, Mathew; CONFESSORE, Nicholas; CADWALLADR, Carole. How Trump consultants exploited the Facebook data of millions. The New York Times. March 17, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/17/ us/politics/cambridge-analytica-trump-campaign.html. Acesso em: 21 jul. 2018.
SOLOMON, Robert. Corporate roles, personal virtues: an aristotelean approach to business ethics. Business Ethics Quaterly, Cambridge, v. 2, n. 3, p. 317-339, 1992.
SOMMERS, Mary Catherine. Useful friendships: a foundation for business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, [s. l.], v. 16, p. 1453-1458, 1997.
VILHELMSDÓTTIR, Sjofn; KRISTINSSON, Gunnar Helgi. Political trust in Iceland: performance or politics? Icelandic Review of Politics & Administration, Reykjavík, v. 14, n. 1, p. 211-234, 2018.
WHITE, Mark. A kantian critique of antitrust: on morality and Microsoft. Journal of Private Enterprise, Chattanooga, v. 22, n. 2, p. 161-190, 2007.
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Publicado
2018-11-29
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CERDEIRA, J. P. Confiança, confiabilidade e ética: podem as empresas aprender alguma coisa com Aristóteles?. Organicom, [S. l.], v. 15, n. 29, p. 89-100, 2018. DOI: 10.11606/issn.2238-2593.organicom.2018.149124. Disponível em: https://www.revistas.usp.br/organicom/article/view/149124. Acesso em: 22 set. 2023.
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