The social construction of tourism identity: a view from organizational institutionalism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1984-4867.v31i3p435-454Keywords:
Identity of the tourist destination, Organizational institutionalism, Social construction, Legitimacy, Tourism governanceAbstract
The essay aims to establish a dialogue between the concepts of "organizational identity", "social constructionism" and "tourist activity" from the perspective of Organizational Institutionalism, demonstrating their complementarity, in order to contribute to new possibilities for discussion between these themes. The tourist identity is the result of social construction processes in which the fact that a locality has attractions that demonstrate some tourism potential does not confer legitimacy in the organizational field of tourism. Identity happens through interaction between different organizational actors that make up this field and receive external and internal influences in the development of their activities. The appropriation of identity by the actors that form the field happens gradually, through institutional processes. Thus, it is concluded that: (i) the tourist identity of a place is characterized by the attractions that it has and that, through defined guidelines, condition actions and behaviors that maximize its usefulness, being shaped by the scenario in which they are inserted, legitimizing be in the organizational field of which it is a part, above all by the senses and meanings that are linked to it; and that (ii) it is necessary to build the organizational identity of a place based on attributes of "centrality", "distinctiveness" and "durability" that legitimize it, thus, being considered a tourist destination and having a positive impact, enabling its development.
Downloads
References
Albert, S., & Whetten, D. A. (1985). Organizational identity. Research in Organizational Behavior, 7: 263-295.
Alvesson, M., & Spicer, A. (2019). Neo-Institutional Theory and Organization Studies: a mid-life crisis? Organization Studies, 40(2): 199-218.
Asforth, B., & Mael, F. (1996). Organizational identity and strategy as a context for the individual. Advances in Strategic Management, 13: 19-63.
Barretto, M. (1991). Planejamento e Organização em Turismo. Campinas, SP. Papirus.
Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (2003). A construção social da realidade. Petrópolis: Vozes.
Besharov, M. L., & Brickson, S. L. (2016). Organizational identity and institutional forces: toward an integrative framework. In Pratt, M. G., Schultz, M., Ashforth, B. E., & Ravasi, D. (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of organizational identity. (pp. 396-414). New York: Oxford University Press.
Bispo, M. S. (2016). Tourism as practice. Annals of Tourism Research, 61: 170-179.
Breakwell, G. (1986). Coping with threatened identities. London: Methuen.
Brown, A. D. (2015). Identities and identity work in organizations. International Journal of Management Reviews, 17(1): 20-40.
Bruyn, C., & Alonso, A. F. (2012). Tourism Destination Governance: guidelines of implementation. In Fayos-Solá, E., Silva, J.A.M., & Jafari, J. (org.). Knowledge Management in Tourism: policy and governance applications. Bingley: Emerald.
Cárdenas-Garcia, P. J., Sánchez-Rivero, M., & Pulido-Fernández, J. I. (2015). Does tourism growth influence economic development? Journal of Travel Research, 54(2): 206-221.
Carrieri, A. de P.; Saraiva, L. A. S. & Pimentel, T. D. (2008). A Institucionalização da Feira Hippie de Belo Horizonte. Organizações & Sociedade, 15(44): 63-79.
Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Fyall, A., Gilbert, D., & Wanhill, S. (2008). Turismo: princípios e práticas. (3. ed.). Porto Alegre: Bookman.
Coutinho, A. C. A., & Nóbrega, W. R. M. (2019). Governança em Destinos Turísticos: Desafios na Sociedade Contemporânea. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo, 13(3): 55-70.
Creed, W. E. D., Scully, M. A., & Austin, J. R. (2002). Clothes Make the Person? The Tailoring of Legitimating Accounts and the Social Construction of Identity. Informs, 13(5), 475-496.
Cunliffe, A. L. (2008). Orientations to social constructionism: relationally responsive social constructionism and its implications for knowledge and learning. Management Learning 39(2): 123-139.
Deephouse, D. L., Bundy, J., Tost, L. P., & Suchman, M. C. (2017). Organizational legitimacy: six key questions. In Greenwood, R.; Oliver, C.; Lawrence, T.; Meyer, R. E. (Ed.). The SAGE handbook of organizational institutionalism. (2. ed. pp. 27-54). London, Thousand Oaks, CA & New Dehli: Sage Publications.
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2): 147-169.
Endres, A. V., & Pakman, E. T. (2019). A governança das políticas de turismo: o papel dos espaços de participação na perspectiva da análise de redes e da Teoria Institucional. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo, 13(1):1-18.
Evans, N. (2009). Tourism: a strategic business perspective. In Jamal, T., & Robinson, M. (Ed.). The SAGE handbook of tourism studies. (2. Ed, pp. 215-234). London, Thousand Oaks, CA & New Dehli: Sage Publications.
Falaster, C., Zanin, L. M., & Guerrazzi, L. A. (2017). Teoria Institucional na pesquisa em Turismo: novas oportunidades de uma teoria em evolução. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo, 11(2): 270-293.
Fong, V. H. I., Wong, I. A., & Hong, F. L. J. (2018). Developing institutional logics in the tourism industry through coopetition. Tourism Management, 66: 244-262.
Franklin, A. (2009). The sociology of tourism. In Jamal, T., & Robinson, M. (Ed.). The SAGE handbook of tourism studies (2. ed., pp. 65-81). London, Thousand Oaks, CA & New Dehli: Sage Publications.
Gioia, D. A., Patvardhan, S. D., Hamilton, A. L., & Corley, K.G. (2013). Organizational identity formation and change. The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1): 123-193.
Gioia, D. A., Schultz, M., & Corley, K. G. (2000). Organizational identity, image, and adaptive instability. Academy of Management Review, 25(1): 63-81.
Glynn, M. A. (2008). Beyond constraint: how institutions enable identities. In Greenwood, R., Oliver, C., Sahlin, K., & Suddaby, R. (Ed.). The SAGE handbook of organizational institutionalism. (1. ed., pp. 413-430). London, Thousand Oaks, CA & New Dehli: Sage Publications.
Glynn, M. A. (2017). Theorizing the identity-institution relationship: considering identity as antecedent to, consequence of, and mechanism for, processes of institutional change. In Greenwood, R., Oliver, C., Lawrence, T. B., & Meyer, R. E. (Ed.). The SAGE handbook of organizational institutionalism (2. ed., pp. 243-258). Los Angeles: Sage.
Gomes, B. M. A., Vargas-Sánchez, A., & Pessali, H. F. (2014). Interação empresários-setor público no Turismo: uma análise institucional e neocorporativista da cidade de Huelva (Espanha). Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo, 8(3): 382-402.
Greenwood, R., Oliver, C., Lawrence, T. B., & Meyer, R. E. (2017). Introduction: into the fourth decade. In Greenwood, R., Oliver, C., Lawrence, T. B., & Meyer, R. E. (Ed.). The SAGE handbook of organizational institutionalism. (2. ed., pp. 1-23). London, Thousand Oaks, CA & New Dehli: Sage Publications, 2017.
Greenwood, R., Oliver, C., Sahlin, K., & Suddaby, R. (2008). Introduction. In Greenwood, R., Oliver, C., Sahlin, K., & Suddaby, R. (Ed.). The SAGE handbook of organizational institutionalism. (1. ed., pp. 1-46). London, Thousand Oaks, CA & New Dehli: Sage Publications.
Gu, H., & Ryan, C. (2008). Place attachment, identity and community impacts of tourism – the case of a Beijing Hutong. Tourism Management, 29: 637–647.
Hillman, W., & Radel, K. (2018). Qualitative methods in tourism research: theory and practice (Series – Aspects of Tourism: 82). Bristol, UK: Channel View Publications, 2018.
Jafari, J., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (1981). Toward a framework for tourism education: problems and prospects. Annals of tourism research, 8(1): 13-34.
Jennings, G. R. (2009). Methodologies and methods. In Jamal, T., & Robinson, M. (Ed.). The SAGE handbook of tourism studies. (2. ed., p. 672-692). London, Thousand Oaks, CA & New Dehli: Sage Publications.
Lamers, M., Duim, R. V. D., & Spaargaren, G. (2017). The relevance of practice theories for tourism research. Annals of Tourism Research, 62: 54-63.
Lawrence, T., & Suddaby, R. (2006). Institutions and institutional work. In: S. R. Clegg, C., Hardy, T. B., Lawrence, W. R., & Nord (Ed.). Handbook of organization studies. (pp. 215- 254). London: Sage.
Lawrence, T. B., Suddaby, R., & Leca, B. (2009). Introduction: theorizing and studying institutional work. In Lawrence, T. B., Suddaby, R., & Leca, B. (Ed.). Institutional work: actors and agency in institutional studies of organizations (pp. 1-27). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lok, J. (2010). Institutional logics as identity projects. Academy of Management Journal, 53(6), 1305-1335.
Machado-da-Silva, C. L., Guarido Filho, E. R., & Rossoni, L. (2006). Campos organizacionais: seis diferentes leituras e a perspectiva de estruturação. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 10(ed. esp.): 159-196.
Martins, C. (2003). Identidade: percepção e contexto. In Martins, J. C. O. (Org.). Turismo, cultura e identidade, (pp. 39-48). São Paulo: Roca.
Mintzberg, H. (2010). Managing: desvendando o dia a dia da gestão. Porto Alegre: Bookman.
Oh, H.; Fiore, A. M., & Jeoung, M. (2007). Measuring experience economy concepts: tourism applications. Journal of Travel Research, 46: 119-32.
Oliveira, C., Minasse, M. H., & Marques, S. (2015). Processo de Formatação de Atrativos Turísticos Sustentáveis. Revista Turismo em Análise, 26(3): 639-667.
Pakman, E. T. (2014). Sobre as definições de turismo da OMT: uma contribuição à História do Pensamento Turístico. Anais do Seminário da Associação Nacional Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Turismo, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil, 9. Recuperado de: https://www.anptur.org.br/anais/anais/files/11/34.pdf.
Palmer, C. (1999). Tourism and the symbols of identity. Tourism Management, 20(3), 313-321.
Panosso Netto, A. (2010). O que é turismo. São Paulo, SP: Editora Brasiliense.
Panosso Netto, A. & Gaeta, C. (2010). Turismo de Experiência. São Paulo: SENAC.
Panosso Netto, A., & Castillo Nechar, M. (2014). Epistemologia do turismo: escolas teóricas e proposta crítica. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo. São Paulo, 1(8): 120-144.
Pimentel, T. D., Carvalho, F. C. C., & Pimentel, M. P. C. (2019). O processo de Institucionalização das estruturas formais de Investigação em Turismo (EFIT) no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo, 13(3): 16-35.
Powell, W. W., & Brantner, C. (2016). Organizations as sites and drivers of social action. In Abrutyn, S. (Ed.). Handbook of contemporary sociological theory (Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research series, 1. Ed., pp. 269-291). Switzerland: Springer International Publishers.
Sancho, A. (2001). Introdução ao turismo. Organização Mundial de Turismo (OMT). São Paulo: Rocca.
Santos, M. M., Ferreira, A. M., & Costa, C. (2014). Identificação dos recursos nucleares do destino como suporte para o desenvolvimento de produtos turísticos inovadores. Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, 21(4): 315-330.
Scott, W. R. (2014). Institutions and organizations: ideas, interests, and identities. (4. ed.). London, Thousand Oaks, CA & New Dehli: Sage Publications.
Selznick, P. (1972). A liderança na administração: uma interpretação sociológica. Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Getúlio Vargas.
Selznick, P. (1996). Institutionalism "old" and "new". Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(2): 270-277.
Soica, S. (2016). Tourism as practice of making meaning. Annals of Tourism Research, 61: 96-110.
Suddaby, R. (2010). Challenges for Institutional Theory. Journal of Management Inquiry, 19(1): 14-20.
Teixeira, M. G., & Roglio, K. D. (2015). As influências da dinâmica de lógicas institucionais na trajetória organizacional: o caso da Cooperativa Veiling Holambra. Brazilian Business Review, 12(1): 1-37.
Thorton, P. H., Ocasio, W., & Lounsbury, M. (2012). The institutional logics perspective: a new approach to culture, structure, and process. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tolbert, P. S., & Zucker, L. G. (1997). A institucionalização da Teoria Institucional. In Clegg, S., Hardy, C., & Nord, W. (Org.). Handbook de estudos organizacionais (v. 1, pp. 196-219). São Paulo: Atlas.
Valls, J. F. (2006). Gestão integral de destinos turísticos sustentáveis. Tradução: Cristiano Vasques e Liana Wang. Rio de Janeiro: Editora FGV.
Wang, S. & Chen, J. S. (2015). The influence of place identity on perceived tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 52: 16-28.
Whetten, D. A. (2006). Albert and Whetten revisited – strengthening the concept of Organizational Identity. Journal of Management Inquiry, 15(3): 219-234.
Wilson, E., & Hollinshead, K. (2015). Qualitative tourism research: opportunities in the emergent soft sciences. Annals of Tourism Research, 54: 30-47.
Xue, L., Kerstetter, D., & Hunt, C. (2017). Tourism development and changing rural identity in China. Annals of Tourism Research, 66: 170-182.
Yazigi, E. (2002). A alma do lugar: turismo, planejamento e cotidiano em litorais e montanhas. São Paulo: Contexto.
Zietsma, C., & Mckight, B. (2009). Building the iron cage: institutional creation work in the context of competing proto-institutions. In Lawrence, T. B., Suddaby, R., & Leca, B. Institutional work: actors and agency in institutional studies of organizations (pp. 143-176). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Zucco, F. D., Quadros, C. M. B., Schmitt, J. R., & Fiuza, T. F. (2017). Imagem e identidade turísticas relacionadas às práticas e bens culturais percebidas pelos residentes: perspectivas a partir da cidade de Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo, 11(2): 320-346.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Mariene Cavalcante Borba de Albuquerque, Samir Adamoglu de Oliveira
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), allowing the sharing of the work with recognition of its authorship and initial publication in RTA.
